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En dehors de l’État, les waqfs n’étaient-ils pas dans l’ancien droit musulman les seules personnes morales ayant un patrimoine autonome affecté à un but statutaire se situant fréquemment dans le champ d’action qu’occuperont progressivement les services publics ? Si au fur et à mesure du développement de l’intervention de l’État les biens waqfs perdent leur domaine d’affectation, ils représentent cependant toujours un enjeu économique important — tant pour l’État qui songe à en faire l’instrument de sa politique sociale ou économique, que pour les gestionnaires qui ont de tout temps vu dans les biens de main-morte une occasion de profits faciles. Il n’est pas étonnant de constater que le flux des revenus annuels est fort réduit alors que le « stock » semble conserver une certaine valeur économique pouvant le cas échéant se transformer en moyen d’action politique. Il n’est donc pas étonnant de constater que les waqfs sont encore un enjeu à ce niveau.
History --- Political Science --- Égypte --- archive --- solidarité --- donations --- droit islamique --- Waqf
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Islamic law --- Law --- Islamic law --- Law --- Droit islamique --- Droit --- Droit islamique --- Research --- Research --- Recherche --- Islamic countries. --- Qatar
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This collective volume, in honor of Aharon Layish, deals with the main components in the laws of Islamic societies, past and present: sharīʿa , custom, and statute. Some chapters focus on one of these components, other discuss the interplay between two or even all three of them. The geographical coverage of the volume is wide, from the Balkans to Yemen, and from Iraq to the Maghrib. The chapters are based on a variety of sources: fiqh literature, fatwās , court decisions, judicial circulars, biographical dictionaries and chronics. The volume will be of special interest to historians, social scientists and lawyers working on Islamic and Israeli laws, and to those interested in gender studies, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Islamic cultures at large.
Islamitisch recht. --- Droit coutumier (Droit islamique) --- Droit islamique --- Justice --- Islam --- Islamisches Recht --- Islamic law --- Histoire. --- Administration (Droit islamique) --- Recht --- Geschichte --- History. --- Layish, Aharon --- Layiš, Aharôn --- Islamitische wereld. --- Justice, Administration of (Islamic law) --- Customary law (Islamic law)
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No legal system in the world has aroused as much public interest as Sharia. However, the discourse around Sharia law is largely focussed on its development and the theories, principles and rules that inform it. Less attention has been given to studying the consequences of its operation, particularly in the area of Islamic criminal law. Even fewer studies explore the actual practice of Islamic criminal law in contemporary societies. This book aims to fill these gaps in our understanding of Sharia law in practice. It deals specifically with the consequences of enforcing Islamic criminal law in Pakistan, providing an in-depth and critical analysis of the application of the Islamic law of Qisas and Diyat (retribution and blood money) in the Muslim world today. The empirical evidence adduced more broadly demonstrates the complications of applying traditional Sharia in a modern state.
Blood money (Islamic law) --- Criminal justice, Administration of (Islamic law) --- Criminal justice, Administration of --- Islamic law --- Punishment (Islamic law) --- Reparation (Criminal justice) --- Reparation (Islamic law) --- Droit pénal (Droit islamique) --- Justice pénale --- Peines (Droit islamique) --- Prix du sang (Droit islamique) --- Réparation (Droit islamique) --- Réparation (Droit) --- Dīyah (Islamic law) --- Diyat (Islamic law) --- Administration of criminal justice --- Justice, Administration of --- Crime --- Criminal law --- Criminals --- Compensation for victims of crime --- Criminal restitution --- Reparation --- Restitution (Criminal justice) --- Restitution for victims of crime --- Remedies (Law) --- Administration --- Law and legislation --- Droit islamique --- Administration (Droit islamique)
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Till God Inherits the Earth deals with the origins and evolution of the Islamic institution of pious endowments in al-Andalus, analysing its juridical basis and its social-economic role. Evidence is primarily drawn from Andalusi Maliki jurisprudence and from narrative and biographical traditional sources as well. Separate chapters examine private and public donations and special importance is given to the analysis of the public goals of the institution, namely, charitative, religious (mosques, rabitas), educational and for the jihad. The book is completed with several appendices including complementary information, translations of Arabic texts and figures. This study provides us with a complete knowledge of several and important issues such as the relevance of Islamic jurisprudence as an historical source, the structure of economic property, the idea of charity, the Islamic concept of general or common interest and the social and juridical role of men of religion.
Islam. --- Wakf. --- Charitable uses, trusts, and foundations (Islamic law) --- Islamic law --- Islamitisch Spanje. --- Spain --- History --- Fondations (droit islamique) --- Waqfs --- Droit islamique --- Al-Andalus --- Espagne --- Moyen âge --- Histoire --- Sources --- 711-1516
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Literal meaning is what a text means in itself, regardless of what its author intends to convey or the reader understands to be its message. The idea of literal meaning, together with insights from modern semantic and pragmatic philosophers, informs this reading of Islamic legal hermeneutics. Robert Gleave explores various competing notions of literal meaning, linked to both theological doctrine and historical developments. The idea of a text's literal meaning that rules over human attempts to understand God's message has become an element in discussions about who has the authority to interpre
Islamic law --- Droit islamique --- Interpretation and construction. --- Interprétation --- Qurʼan --- Hermeneutics --- Hermeneutics. --- Uṣūl al-fiqh (Islamic law) --- Uṣūl al-Fiqh --- Koran
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Offers comparative historical, anthropological and legal perspectives on the ways in which French and British colonial administrations interacted with the diversity of Islamic legal schools, scholars, and practices in Africa.
Colonies --- Colonial administration --- Public administration --- Administration. --- Africa --- Colonization. --- Domestic relations (Islamic law) --- Familles --- Droit islamique --- Africa, Sub-Saharan --- Afrique subsaharienne --- Administration
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Providing a ground-breaking investigation into the changing ideas of kinship in the Middle East, the author documents Islamic responses to assisted reproductive technologies such as in vitro fertilization through fieldwork in Lebanon and the extensive reading of Islamic legal texts. This ethnography is brought to bear on the latest theories of Middle Eastern kinship, as well as the "new kinship" studies in anthropology generally. Lebanon is home to both Sunni and Shiite Muslims, and the book thus provides a full account of both schools of legal opinion: in the case of the latter, a number of t
Human reproduction (Islamic law) --- Reproductive rights --- Reproduction humaine --- Droit islamique --- Droit --- Reproductive freedom --- Sexual rights --- Abortion --- Birth control --- Contraception --- Human reproduction --- Involuntary sterilization --- Islamic law
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Most studies on Islamic, Arab and Ottoman societies are content with the role of testimony that texts available to researchers can play, thus reducing the role of text and language to a mimetic description of past events. The point here is to show that any understanding of social relations implies, first, to consider the textual production of a society by questioning the meaning assignable to the texts themselves. It also supposes that the analysis of texts, whatever their societal and institutional context, must consider its sources as discursive practices, in order not to reduce them to their preliminary function of factual testimony. Drawing on a wide variety of Ottoman "legal" texts produced in Beirut and Damascus in the 19th century, this book avoids linking these texts to the normative values of “Islamic law”, but on the contrary documents the way in which discursive practices operate concretely on a specific terrain. Different levels of practices then emerge, all documented by the social actors who made their very existence possible.
Judicial process (Islamic law) --- Procedure (Islamic law) --- Evidence, Documentary (Islamic law) --- Law, Politics & Government --- Canon Law --- Islamic law --- droit islamique --- économie --- waqf --- justice --- droit
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Se fondant sur une riche documentation inédite, cette étude montre que, contrairement à l’idée selon laquelle les biens d’une fondation pieuse (waqf) sont inaliénables, de nombreux biens affectés à des waqfs de Jérusalem entre 1858 et 1917 étaient offerts, vendus, spoliés, donnés en héritage ou transformés en propriétés privées, par des voies légales ou illégales. À partir de nombreuses sources de première main (archives conservées en Palestine, en Jordanie, en Turquie, en France, en Allemagne et au Royaume-Uni), l’auteur examine les modalités selon lesquelles, dans le cadre du droit musulman et de la législation ottomane, un bien waqf pouvait changer de statut et devenir une propriété privée. Il met en lumière les stratégies et les procédures par lesquelles différents acteurs ont participé à cette transformation et montre comment, à travers divers types de contrats, les gestionnaires des waqfs, ainsi que les représentants des autorités politiques et religieuses locales, du pouvoir ottoman et des puissances étrangères, ont contribué à s’approprier les biens affectés à ces waqfs dans le cadre d’intérêts personnels ou collectifs. Durant les six dernières décennies ottomanes, le paysage foncier de Jérusalem fut ainsi profondément bouleversé.
Waqf --- Real property (Islamic law) --- Biens réels (Droit islamique) --- History --- Histoire --- Law - Non-U.S. --- Law, Politics & Government --- Law - Africa, Asia, Pacific & Antarctica --- Biens réels (Droit islamique) --- Awqāf --- Evkaf --- Vaqf --- Vkaf --- Wakf --- Law and legislation --- Islamic law --- Endowments --- propriété privée --- fondations pieuses --- politique ottomane --- waqf --- procédures juridiques
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